The Accomplishment Of One s Goal - 960 Words

Success is something people want but don’t know how to achieve.Success is the accomplishment of one’s goal. Certain habits however need to be developed in life that help insure success. Many of the three stated as habits to be successful in life are resilience, self- motivation and setting goals. In order to be successful the habits that can be encounter are resilience which turn your greatness into success after a difficult experience, which we need to be self-motivated which helps to embrace the pain that can be a part of the success and allows us to set goals for ourself. Resilience is the key to success that enables people to move through hardship and become better. No one escapes pain, fear and suffering. Yet from pain can come wisdom, from fear can come courage, from suffering can come strength. A lot of people misunderstand It s not about â€Å"bouncing back.† Resilient people do not â€Å"bounce back† from hardship. We cannot â€Å"bounce back† because we cannot go back in time.You will not be the same person after having an difficult situtation. Resilient people are able to integrate hard experiences into their lives in a way that makes them better.Don’t fear failure. Instead redefine it as feedback and as a natural part of a successful life. As Michael Jordan said:â€Å"I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why IShow M oreRelatedDeveloping a Motivational Plan Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesare met and each student has goals that are attainable and can be reached. According to Hersey (2008), Goals should be set high enough that a person has to stretch to reach them but low enough that they can be attained. Goal setting, rewards, both tangible and non-tangible, and a sense of belonging are motivational components that should be included in a motivational plan. The first part of a motivational plan that I would feel essential for my school would be goal setting. At the current schoolRead MoreQualities Of A Successful Leadership Style845 Words   |  4 Pagestaken the opportunity to capture admirable traits from all of these leaders. I have used these traits to mold my leadership philosophy. I will continue to strengthen and refine the leadership behaviors noted in reference (a) utilizing the Coast Guard s Leadership Competencies. The primary traits that form my definition of leadership include many components, but start with pride, passion, character, communication, dedication, integrity, optimism, honesty, and the component that ties them all togetherRead MoreTeam Leader1704 Words   |  7 Pagesresolving issues * Assure that the team members have the necessary education and training to effectively participate on the team * Encourage creativity, risk-taking, and constant improvement * Recognize and celebrate team and team member accomplishments and exceptional performance Focus the team on the tasks at hand or the internal and external customer requirements * Coordinate with internal and external customers as necessary * Familiarize the team with the customer needs, specificationsRead MoreDid That Albert Einstein CouldnT Examine Till He Become1089 Words   |  5 Pageshandicap. The average procedure is typically IQ test, accomplishment test and perusing test. For instance, the individuals who are having perusing inconvenience will first be controlled an IQ test keeping in mind the end goal to quantify their scholarly potential. Kids who are having a perusing issue are given accomplishment test keeping in mind the end goal to test information and abilities. The individuals who score high on the accomplishment test demonstrate dominance of a specific aptitude. HoweverRead MoreEssay on Elizabeth Cady Stantons Fight for Equality 1252 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton was not just a mother, daughter, feminist, and writer; but she is the woman who changed the lives of women everywhere by fighting for equality. Stanton lived a normal childhood, but one that motivated her to never give up hope in reaching her goal. A quick background of her life will help better understand why she became such a powerful woman’s rights activist. Also, what she accomplished that changed history and how it still affects us today in 2011. I will also express myRead MoreMy First Goal At Drexel977 Words   |  4 PagesGoal #1: Describe the Goal. My first goal at Drexel would be get on the Dean`s list. Getting on Drexel`s dean list is a goal I have for myself, because I feel like it is a great accomplishment. Not only will it show that the all the hard work I put in was successful, but also make me feel like I can do what I set my mind too. Why is it important to you? This goal is important to me, because not only will it look good, but it will help prove to myself that the goals I set are realistic and attainableRead MoreThe Top Five Personal Values845 Words   |  4 Pagesfive personal values I consider most important are love, freedom, family security, equality, and recognition. These values all share the theme that they involve other people consider other people s thoughts. The bottom five values I consider to be the least important are having a sense of accomplishment, union with God, pleasure, achievement, and dollar reward. These values appear to be more individualistic values. The bottom 5 values are still important in life, however, they personally appear toRead MoreQualities Of A Successful Leadership Style850 Words   |  4 Pagestaken the opportunity to capture admirable traits from all of these leaders. I have used these traits to mold my leadership philosophy. I will continue to strengthen and refine the leadership behaviors noted in reference (a) utilizing the Coast Guard s Leadership Competencies. The primary traits that form my definition of leadership include many components, but start with pride, passion, character, communication, dedication, integrity, optimism, honesty, and the component that ties them all togetherRead MorePerformance Management Plan For Landslide Limousine1413 Words   |  6 Pagesby developing a structured appraisal method based on growth methodologies. This approach puts the business in control with leading best practice focused around reasonable application, exhibited through usage, and constantly refined by the customer s encounters. These recommendations will convey a Performance Management Framework that measures the usage of the organizations method and drives the acknowledgment of quality. This thorough schema addresses critical success factors that address theRead MoreLeader Ship vs Management1148 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent theories and what each one means as well as well as what is it that leaders and managers do, can leaders and managers be one in the same. I will also explain the difference between managers and leaders. Definition The definition for leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization. Another common definition for leadership is as a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Management

The Shawshank Redemption Is A Film Directed By Frank Darabont

The Shawshank Redemption is a film directed by Frank Darabont and written by Stephen King, released in the year 1994. This film was nominated for seven Oscars and is nothing less than phenomenal. The movie was based on Andy Dufresne who was played by actor Tim Robbins. He is sentenced to two consecutive life terms in prison for the murders of his wife and her and is sentenced to a maximum security prison. However, only Andy knows he did not commit this crime he is accused of. While serving his time in prison, he forms a friendship with Red who is played by actor Morgan Freeman, and they together experience the brutality of life in prison. Although the movie was taken place in a prison and it may seem extremely weird to feel this way. I think this movie gives viewers a warm and heart felt feeling. In many movies we get the vicarious experiences and quick, insincere emotions. Shawshank uses the narrator s calm, attentive voice to include us in the story of men who have formed a commun ity behind bars. It is deeper than most films; about continuity in a lifetime, based on friendship and hope. Although this movie was nominated for several different awards the movie violated many constitutional rights and had some issues that negatively affects the prison system. Inmates brutally beaten, remaining institutionalized upon the failure to become knowledgeable about the world, unfair treatment and denied parole for no evident reason, taken advantage of as the warden used inmatesShow MoreRelatedThe Shawshank Redemption Is An American Drama Film Directed By Frank Darabont1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Shawshank redemption is an American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont in the year 1994, starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. The film’s screenplay has been adapted from the Stephen King Novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank redemption and talks about the life of a man named Andy Dufresne, a banker who is sentenced to life imprisonment in the Shawsha nk State prison for murder of his wife and her lover, even despite his claims of innocence. While the main genre of the film isRead MoreThe Brilliant Film, Shawshank Redemption Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesCompanion To the Movies Title and Year: â€Å"Shawshank Redemption† (1994) Director: Frank Darabont (based on the Stephen King novel) Actors: Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton, and William Sadler. The Shot Long/medium/close-up: Roger Deakins, the film’s cinematographer, and director Frank Darabont worked together to create this wonderful and classical film heavily utilizing long shots, close ups, and slow zooms. Throughout the film â€Å"Shawshank Redemption†, a series of shots take place where theRead MoreShawshank Redemption Themes800 Words   |  4 PagesFrank Darabont directed The Shawshank Redemption and wrote the screenplay based on the novel Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by author Stephen King. The movie was made in 1994 and produced by Niki Marvin. The movie stars Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins as two convicts serving time in a New England prison named Shawshank. Tim Robbins plays a man named Andy Dufresne, a banker, who gets convicted of murdering his wife and her lover and is sent to prison in Shawshank. Andy eventually becomes goodRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank D arabont is a 1994 American drama film set in the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio. The film is an enthralling film about the survival of one of its prisoners, Andy Dufresne, the protagonist convicted to life imprisonment in Shawshank prison during 1947. Facing incarceration, Andy’s character as a city banker forms a relationship with a prison inmate ‘Red’ to fight despair. Darabont uses film techniques such as camera work, soundtrack and lightingRead More Stephen Kings Shawshank Redemption Essays777 Words   |  4 PagesKings Rita Haywort and the Shawshank Redemption Rita Haywort and the Shawshank Redemption was first presented in 1982, by Stephen King and hooked the hearts of the worlds readers. Literature reviews were immediately written about the book and quickly recognized as one of the years best. Rek Rehn, a book reviewer for Mouth Shut.com Wrote: This book is the jewel of the crown, a tender tale of hope, friendship and retribution. Years later in 1994, Shawshank Redemption was again recognized byRead MoreMovie Review : The Guilty Prison Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pageswrite a film review because I am passionate about this film and how they make it seem so real and the lessons you can lessons you can learn from them. My purpose of this film review is to persuade people that this is an amazing film and a lot of life lessons that come with it. Title: The Guilty Prison Displacement The Shawshank redemption is drama film directed by Frank Darabont set in the Shawshank State Prison through the 1930’s to the 1940’s time period in the USA. Director Darabont has beenRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption1051 Words   |  5 PagesReview A story of hope is just about the last thing youd expect to find in a prison movie. But in  The Shawshank Redemption, thats exactly what you get. Shawshank  is the story of Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), a man convicted of murdering his wife and her lover and shipped to a maximum-security prison in Shawshank, Maine, for two consecutive life sentences. Over the next years (two hours, movie time), he finds his way to inner peace and self-reliance in the midst of the terror and inequity ofRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption851 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyse how the opening of your studied text effectively introduced a key idea or a main character In the film, The Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont, the opening scene effectively introduces a key idea that the prison is capable of taking away prisoners identities by removing away any control they have of their lives, and their rights as human beings. The director makes clever use of the techniques of camera shots, lighting, costume and dialogue to show the prisons destructiveRead More The Shawshank Redemption Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages The Shawshank Redemption is a prison movie that is based on a book by Stephen King and directed by Frank Darabont. The movie is not the average bloody horror movie; instead, it takes you to a place where your worst nightmares come alive. The tremendous performance by Morgan Freeman and other actors has truly brought this film to life. The emotions characters portrayed were so real that every one could feel compassion toward them. The Shawshank Redemption, a contribution to the working man, illustratesRead MoreFilm Analysis Of T he Film The Shawshank Redemption970 Words   |  4 PagesLiam The 1994 film â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† directed by Frank Darabont is about a banker named Andy Dufresne who is falsely accused and sentenced to life in prison at Shawshank for the murder of his wife and her lover. This is where he meets Red, a man who is also serving a life sentence, has been in Shawshank for quite some time and is known as â€Å"a man who knows how to get things†. The meeting of these two characters produced many significant moments and scenes, but there is one that I found

Schema Theory Free Essays

A schema describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior. Scripts are schemas which provide information about a sequence of events. Self-schemas organize information we have about ourselves, such as our strengths and weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Schema Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The last is the social schema, which represents information about groups of people, and this is how stereotypes are also developed. Bartlett (1932) wanted to look at the effect that schemas have on memory. He had his participants read â€Å"The War of the Ghosts†. the 1st participant read the original story, and then wrote it on paper. Then a 2nd participant, reads whats been written by the 1st participant. Then the 2nd reproduces it on paper for the 3rd participant and so on. In repeated reproduction, the same participant reproduces the story 6 or 7 times. Bartlett found that as the reproductions went on, the stories became shorter and that certain details had been left out or changed. These changes were in an effort to make the story more comprehend-able from within the participants experiences and cultural backgrounds. For example the word canoes became boats, and hunting seals became fishing. Your brain also fills in blanks based on ones existing schemas. Your memory is processed into three main stages; which are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is when u put the memory into your mind. Storage is maintaining it in your mind. Retrieval is using what you saved in your mind. Cohen (1993) criticized schema theory, saying that the concept of schemas is too vague to be useful. However, many researchers use schema theory to explain cognitive processing. Anderson and Pichert did an experiment to investigate if schema processing influences both encoding and retrieval. The results showed schema processing influenced both. How to cite Schema Theory, Essay examples

Cultural Dimension of Global Business

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Answer: Introduction: Investing in distinct market creates foreign affiliates or subsidiaries and engage with joint ventures or strategic alliances is the main business proposition of the multinational corporations. Using the overseas supplies they function as a system consisting of many subunits operating in a divergent business context, such as national cultures, recruiting multicultural workforce, dealing with foreign investors and accomplishing the needs of other groups of stakeholders in each country of operation. In this way, MNCs maintains stable relationships with the group of stakeholders in the cross cultural business environment. According to Malik and Zhao (2013) if there are barriers to cross-cultural relationships in MNCs, the effectiveness of the multicultural workforce will be likely to drop due to obstacles to tasks realization On the contrary, then cross-cultural interactions may definitely accelerate the employee learning and productive, enhanced communicational perspectives and increas e the level of satisfaction of personnel. Understandably, communication between nations is largely influenced by global interactions between various people from different belonging and their cultures correspondently. This paper will address such understanding by developing theoretical concepts by reviewing relevant articles and explore the presentation of findings in the subsequent part. The study of cross culture is the fundamental aspects of the intercultural management field. The crossing geographical boundaries by the companies give the birth of multinational companies have largely engaged in the expansion process to create international competitiveness by reducing the costs of production and exploiting the market opportunities. In this way, several businesses are engaged with trade liberalization and economic integration. By sharing an effective knowledge and use of cross cultural diversity can contribute towards developing unique ideas and experiences for enhancing the competitive position of organizations (Maheswaran and Shavitt 2014). This cross cultural management has thus significance in the modern business operations and greatly influenced in the growth of the business. Ferraro and Brody (2015) have reported that an oversea management of business is undividable from the spare of patterned cultural behaviors because culture is represented in terms of the en veloping and collaborative beliefs, values, norms an symbols that guide that everyday life of different groups of people. Several researchers have defined cultures in a diverse ways; for example, Chhokar et al. 2013 describes culture as learned patterns of perception, values, behavior that is also dynamic and heterogeneous. Emerging growth of intercultural business across the world increases essentialities for international managers to learn and adopt other cultural skills as well (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Incorporating all aspects into the business, several nations are welcoming largest members of newcomers including the United States, Australia, and Canada. However, most of the Western European countries have now experiencing extensive waves of immigration. On the other hand, several Asian countries like Singapore, China, and Japan have also associated with the unprecedented journey of cross-cultural businesses and ensured the nations growth. One of the most famous frameworks for analysis of cross cultural issues in human resource management was that offered by Greet Hofstede (1980a). The model displays five bipolar dimensions along with difference in culture could be analyzed: high/low uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, individualism or collectivism, high/low power distance and long/short tome orientation (Hsu, Woodside and Marshall 2013). The main result was a concise set of cultural scores describing national cultures and its effect of cultural diversity on several aspects of workplace-related behaviors and processes. According to the thoughts of Hofstede, every person follows his own patterns of thinking, feeling and corresponding responses which are learned during his lifetime. Thus this can be understood that Hofsteade emphasized more on mental attributes while describing the culture in management literature (Steenkamp and Geyskens 2012). In other words, Hofstede identified the fundamental differences of the cultures which later named as systematic differences across culture by many researchers. For instance Chinese cultures are found to be collectivistic whereas individuals are often practiced the individualist approaches while negotiating with other cultures. On the contrary, several researchers have collectively summarized that culture directly impacts on the negotiation styles of international managers. There are a variety of elements create the culture of population or a country through time which includes social structure, religion, language, education, political and economic philosophy (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). International business managers need to adopt foreign businesses by following all cultural elements in the Griffin and Pustays approach. In all group of people, there is a social structure which defines the role of individuals, its satisfactions, and the mobility ion society. People are often influenced by family in society and this is the first aspects of soc ial structure. For instance, majority of families of the United States are nuclear family and they eventually undergoes individual decision making process. In other words, those societies are centered in individualism. The international managers of United States, thus follows the individual work ethics and excelling their creativity and versatility by taking individual decisions over consensus. On the contrary, people belongs in the Japanese society has a large dependency on the group. Taking business decisions, in this context, international managers often face difficulties while negotiating with lack of individual freedom and showing low regards for rules and professional values. Those business societies believes in perusing harmony with reality, often faced cultural barriers while negotiating people who belongs into the more liberal business culture. According to Cohn, Fehr and Marchal (2014), cultural sensitiveness must be in line with the business model. However, the cultural s ensitivity does not mean giving up ones own culture. All international business activity involves cross-cultural communication. While communicating with cross-cultural people in establishing business negotiations in oversea markets, international managers are often come across activities such as exchanging information, sharing innovative ideas, decision making and provides motivations to others. According to Thomas and Peterson (2014), communication includes any behavior that another human being recognizes and interprets: it is all about the level of understanding one person sharing with others. Thus both verbal and non-verbal messages are conveyed with each other while dealing with cross cultural business activities. In this context, communication plays a large role in establishing the long lasting relationship with the global clients. Parke and Ladd (2016), however, contradict that cross cultural miscommunication is the biggest threat in creation of cross cultural management within the workplace. International managers need to mainta in communicational transparency not only with the clients of overseas but in managing internal culture-driven workforce as well. Interestingly, communication does not necessarily result in understanding (Ang and Van Dyne 2015). It often mislead by getting less appropriate responses from the receiver sides in the cross-cultural programs and thus results business failure in establishment of the cross-cultural partnership. Budhwar and Debrah (2013) opined that culture-driven communication repeatedly involves misunderstanding caused by misinterpretation, misperception and misevaluation between oversea partners. For instance, a Japanese businessman wants to tell to their Norwegian client that he is less interested in a particular sale. Maintaining that politeness, the Japanese says, This will be very difficult However, the Norwegian may interpret this comment as that there are still resolved problems not that the deal is off. Thus, it is often evaluated that the greater the differences b etween the senders and the receivers cultures, the greater chance for cross-cultural miscommunication (Thomas and Peterson 2014). One should, therefore, assume difference until similarities is proven in approaching cross-cultural situations. In addition, an international manager needs to be recognized that organizational culture makes sense by noticing the behavior of the person and that the logic and rationale are culturally relative. In the phase of globalization, the culture profoundly influences how people manage their business maintaining certain thinking patterns, preferring a particular style of communication and showcasing the behavioral approaches (Cavusgil et al. 2014). For instance, between a Chinese executive with the private sector managers of Shanghai - can create barriers that may encumber the process of negotiation. Despite the fact that cross-cultural interactions of managers are certainly increases the end productivity of organizations, however, the most challenging part is to gaining the skills and experiences about the worlds cultures (Ferraro and Brody 2015). Apart from communication barriers, emotionalism plays a large role in developing business process or negotiation with client parties. According to Cohn, Fehr and Marchal (2014), managers of Latin America show their emotions at the negotiating table, while the Asian culture does not permit to show their emotion in front of others (Adekola a nd Sergi 2016). Asian managers can hide their emotions or feelings which help in making the appropriate decisions during the process of negotiation. The partner begins by presenting the maximum deal if the other side accepts all the stated conditions under the approach of building down. On the contrary, one side begins by promising a minimum deal that can be widen and increased as the other party accepts additional conditions (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Thus, managers often finds problem in understanding the emotional quotient of other business partners. In short, the international managers faced difficulties in negotiating with business partners for fundamental cross-cultural differences in terms of cultural values, norms, traditions, social structure, religion, language and individual patterns of thinking process (Dunning 2014). All these aspects are considered and largely influenced while taking sound business decisions or interacting with one business partners with another. In establishing an international partnership business and negotiating with other countries, culture influenced largely while establishing business contracts with cross culture or third culture parties. Due to the cultural differences, American people tend to be accurate and believe in more detailing regarding the legal part of the activities of the business. Other cultures, on the other side, give preferences on mutual understanding and satisfied with shorter period of contracts. Therefore, managers need to invest their time for understanding more about differ ent cultural dimensions. It is indeed significant to develop cross cultural business partnership or any form of strategic alliance. The space language is one of the useful dimensions which can transform different culture of the organization (Adekola and Sergi 2016). In this regards, business managers keep maintain distances while developing the face to face interactions. This distance can be varied from one culture to another and can be easily observed (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014.). In this way, partners can manage businesses by giving space to each other in a formal and informal context. Simultaneously, the use of material goods is another aspect of diverse cultural dimensions. In most of the American companies, managers give values the acquisition and possession of material goods in a secular position of the business. Distinct from American companies, executives share their office premises with other employees and the differences in salaries in smaller. In addition, European companies disclose the existence of more even scale of salaries between highest and lowest. Thus it would be better to grant less impo rtance to the aspects of material and status in the organization. In this way, partners of the international business can understand the cross cultural dimensions and individual perspectives. To increase the capacity of competing outside the national frontiers, cultural adventurers should be likened with tourists. Tourist can take an active interest in other culture. Secondly, partners of the business should be keen to know about other cultures for gaining the level of understanding during the business negotiation. In that case, partners will be playing the role of cultural sensitizer who can perceive the behavior, norms of other cultures as well. Thirdly, it is indeed important to negotiate contracts with other partners without any bias. By acquiring an in-depth knowledge about the other cultures, the partners can deal with smooth operations without facing any cultural obstacles. The cross cultural communication proficiencies will eventually be increased which enforcing frequent business interactions among business partners. By inferring general laws and developing new functional concepts, partners can develop third cultures that can be understood by both the negotiating partners. In this way, cross-cultural business partners can establish their international business collaborations and ensure smooth communicative operations for the long term. References: Adekola, A. and Sergi, B.S., 2016. Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L., 2015. Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013. Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Cohn, A., Fehr, E. and Marchal, M.A., 2014. Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry. Nature, 516(7529), pp.86-89. Dunning, J.H., 2014. The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015. Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015. Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014. Managing networks in international business. Routledge. Hsu, S.Y., Woodside, A.G. and Marshall, R., 2013. Critical tests of multiple theories of cultures consequences: Comparing the usefulness of models by Hofstede, Inglehart and Baker, Schwartz, Steenkamp, as well as GDP and distance for explaining overseas tourism behavior. Journal of Travel Research, p.0047287512475218. Maheswaran, D. and Shavitt, S., 2014. 0)Issues and New Directions in Global Consumer Psychology.". Journal of consumer psychology, 9(2), pp.59-66. Malik, T.H. and Zhao, Y., 2013. Cultural distance and its implication for the duration of the international alliance in a high technology sector. International Business Review, 22(4), pp.699-712. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014. Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Parke, R.D. and Ladd, G.W. eds., 2016. Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkage. Routledge. Steenkamp, J.B.E. and Geyskens, I., 2012. Transaction cost economics and the roles of national culture: a test of hypotheses based on Inglehart and Hofstede. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), pp.252-270. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2014. Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications.